Oregon State University
Oregon State University

Permits

Permits Issued in Oregon to Protect Groundwater

Key to agencies in table:

DEQ = Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
WRD = Oregon Water Resources Department
ODA = Oregon Department of Agriculture
US EPA = United States Environmental Protection Agency
DLCD = Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development


Type of Permit Issuing
Agency
Description Effect on
Groundwater

Water Right WRD All water belongs to the state, but rights to use the water are issued based on the order of requests--first in time, first in right. Water Rights can be managed to ensure that the groundwater resource is not depleted.
National Pollution Discharge Elimination System Permit (NPDES) DEQ (under authority of US EPA) Sewage treatment and industrial facilities that discharge wastewater to surface waters must have a permit specifying the acceptable level of pollutants allowed in the wastewater. Because surface water and groundwater interact, the NPDES permit also protects groundwater, especially near surface water bodies.
Water Pollution Control Facility Permit (WPCF) DEQ Any discharge that does not go directly to surface waters, but has the potential of reaching surface water or groundwater must receive a permit for allowable contaminants. The WPCF protects groundwater from contamination that leaches from the land surface or is introduced below ground.
Confined Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO) ODA This is a special type of WPCF permit for handling animal waste. In addition to the potential of animal waste to pollute surface waters, nitrate can leach to groundwater from land application of manure as fertilizer.
Underground Injection Control Registration (UIC) DEQ Underground Injection Control Program All structures that introduce or dispose of fluids below ground must be registered. The registration process ensures that contaminants do not reach groundwater, specifically drinking water supplies.
On-Site Waste Water Treatment Construction-Installation Permit DEQ On-Site Program often managed by County Health or Development Department Most domestic septic systems are exempt from the WPCF permit and UIC registration, but they still must receive a permit for construction. The permitting process ensures that the soil and other site characteristics are adequate to treat wastewater before it reaches groundwater.

Land-use permit

Local city or county planning department with statewide guidance by DLCD Permits must be consistent with the approved Land-Use Plan of the jurisdiction. Statewide Planning Goal 5 requires that land use not affect groundwater adversely in certain areas. Septic systems on small lots can increase the concentration of nitrate and other contaminants in groundwater. Permits can set minimum lot size.

For more information see the DEQ Water Quality Permits Website.